Urbanization is a phenomenon closely tied to rising wealth. As societies become
wealthier, generally speaking, the proportion of their populations living and working in cities rises. This shift to cities is most pronounced – and often transformational – in emerging countries.
Urbanization is self-reinforcing. Cities are an engine of economic prosperity attracting rural workers seeking opportunity. Cities offer greater economies of scale, more complex market structures, and the diverse exchange of ideas. Cities often grow despite a chronic lack of urban planning or investment.
Urbanization is global. Cities – and mostly emerging market cities – account for more than all projected population growth, offsetting projected declines in the global rural population. Of the 50 largest megacities expected by 2035, 44 are located in emerging markets. (See graph.)